| Recently proposed splits for the family |
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Typical Antbirds |
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Chapman's Antshrike Thamnophilus
zarumae
Chapman 1921
sw Ecuador: e El Oro, s Loja; nw Peru: s to Lambayeque. Scrub, secondary woodland of
arid to semi-humid regions.
split from: Thamnophilus doliatus
insert after: Thamnophilus doliatus
Robert S. Ridgely & Guy Tudor,
The Birds of South America, Volume II, The Suboscine Passerines,
Oxford, 1994, p. 229
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The
Lined Antshrike is another long acknowledged full species taxon.
Besides the reference on the right, it is treated as a species separate
from the Chestnut-backed Antshrike (T. palliatus) in the recent
CD set on the Songs of the Antbirds
(Isler & Whitney, 2002). |
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Lined Antshrike
Thamnophilus
tenuepunctatus
Lafresnaye 1853 c,s Colombia: Norte de Santander and Cundinamarca & w Meta s to w Putumayo ;
e Ecuador: w Napo s to Zamora-Chinchipe; n Peru: n Cajamarca, Amazonas and n San Martín.
Along e base of Andean range split from: Thamnophilus palliatus
insert after: Thamnophilus multistriatus Robert S. Ridgely & Guy Tudor, The Birds of South America, Volume II, The Suboscine Passerines, Oxford, (1994)
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Included here
are a number of recordings of so-called "loudsongs" of slaty-antshrikes.
Judging from the Isler/Isler/Whitney paper, the samples here are fairly typical utterances
for the respective forms.
In Western, listen for the distinctive upslur (formed by last two notes)
at the end of the phrase. There is no acceleration.
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This short cut is part of a
longer track appearing on the CD-ROM
Birds of Venezuela.
© Peter Boesman. Recorded April 15, 1995, Darien Cana, Panama. |
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Western Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus
atrinucha
Salvin & Godman 1892
se Guatemala; s Belize; nw Honduras; c Nicaragua; Costa Rica, Panama (Carib. slope); w
Colombia; w Ecuador; nw Venezuela
split from: Thamnophilus punctatus
insert after: Thamnophilus aroyae
E. O. Willis,
Antshrikes (Formicariidae) as army ant followers
Papéis Avulsos Zool. 35, 17 (1984): 177-182
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The loudsong of
Guianan has very widely spaced notes compared to the songs of other
forms. This renders the number of notes almost countable, numbering around 10. |

This short
cut is also part of a longer track appearing on the CD-ROM Birds of Venezuela.
© Peter Boesman. Recorded November 3, 1993, Lower Rio Caura, Bolivar, Venezuela. (This is
the nominate race.)
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Guianan Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus
punctatus
(Shaw) 1809
e Colombia, sw Venezuela (interpositus); c,e Venezuela; Guianas; Surinam; n Brazil:
north of Amazon (nominate)
This is the former nominate race, now only including interpositus still.
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Natterer's
loudsong has the slowest start of all, accelerating to an average 19 notes per phrase,
which gives it also the longest phrase (over 3 sec) of all.
This cut has a pair duetting. |

This short
cut is part of a longer track appearing on the CD-ROM Birds of Bolivia.
© Sjoerd Maijer. Recorded March 6, 1994, Noel Kempff Mercado NP, Bolivia.
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Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus
stictocephalus
Pelzeln 1868
c Brazil: south of Amazon in Pará and Mato Grosso (nominate); n Beni (race?), ne
Bolivia: ne Santa Cruz, Serranía de Huanchaca (parkeri)
split from: Thamnophilus punctatus
insert after: Thamnophilus punctatus
Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Isler & Bret M. Whitney,
Biogeography and systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus
(Thamnophilidae) complex
in Ornithological Monographs 48, Studies in Neotropical Ornithology honoring Ted Parker
(1997), 355-381
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Bolivian's
loudsong is also distinctive, being short (2 sec) yet still approximately 20 notes, of
which the notes 13-19 are raised in pitch. |

This short cut is also part of a
longer track appearing on the CD-ROM
Birds of Bolivia.
© Sjoerd Maijer. Recorded February 14, 1994, approx. 100 km ne of city of Santa Cruz,
Bolivia.
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Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus
sticturus
Pelzeln 1868
ce Bolivia: sw Beni, e Cochabamba, Santa Cruz; sw Brazil: sw Mato Grosso
split from: Thamnophilus punctatus
insert after: Thamnophilus stictocephalus
Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Isler & Bret M. Whitney,
Biogeography and systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus
(Thamnophilidae) complex
in Ornithological Monographs 48, Studies in Neotropical Ornithology honoring Ted Parker
(1997), 355-381
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Planalto's
loudsong is rather similar to that of Sooretama, though the phrase duration is shorter
(1.7 sec on average against 2.0 sec), and the initial notes are closer together.
This gives a fast but not very accelerated effect. |

Two-phrase cut, © Juan Mazar
Barnett. Recorded July 18/19, 1998, Boa Nova, Bahia, Brazil. The bird in the
background is believed to be Brown-crested Flycatcher.
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Planalto Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus
pelzelni
Hellmayr 1924
ne,s Brazil: Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará and Paraíba s to s Bahia, nw Minas Gerais and
São Paulo, w to e,s Mato Grosso and c Mato Grosso do Sul
split from: Thamnophilus punctatus
insert after: Thamnophilus sticturus
Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Isler & Bret M. Whitney,
Biogeography and systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus
(Thamnophilidae) complex
in Ornithological Monographs 48, Studies in Neotropical Ornithology honoring Ted Parker
(1997), 355-381
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Finally, Sooretama's loudsong starts with well-spaced notes,
then clearly accelerates. On average, the duration of a phrase is 2.0 sec, but as
with the other forms there is a great deal of individual variation. |

Short cut
from a longer recording, © Rolf A. de By. Recorded December 28, 1998, Parque Florestal
Rio Doce, e Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus
ambiguus
Swainson 1825
e,se Brazil: s Sergipe, e Bahia, e Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
split from: Thamnophilus punctatus
insert after: Thamnophilus pelzelni
Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Isler & Bret M. Whitney,
Biogeography and systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus
(Thamnophilidae) complex
in Ornithological Monographs 48, Studies in Neotropical Ornithology honoring Ted Parker
(1997), 355-381
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Saturnine Antshrike Thamnomanes
saturninus
(Pelzeln) 1868
ne Peru: Loreto s of Amazon; w,c Brazil: Amazonas, s of Amazon
split from: Thamnomanes ardesiacus
insert after: Dysithamnus occidentalis
Robert S. Ridgely & Guy Tudor,
The Birds of South America, Volume II, The Suboscine Passerines,
Oxford, 1994
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Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula
pacifica
Hellmayr 1911
Panama; w Colombia; w Ecuador
split from: Myrmotherula surinamensis
insert after: Myrmotherula surinamensis
Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Isler & Bret M. Whitney,
Species limits in Antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae): the Myrmotherula
surinamensis complex
The Auk 116, 1 (1999): 83-96
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Amazonian Streaked-Antwren Myrmotherula
multostriata
Sclater 1858
c Colombia: Meta (isolated records); ne Ecuador; e Peru: Loreto s to Madre de Dios; ne
Brazil: ne Pará s to c Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Rondonia mostly s of Amazon River; n,ne
Bolivia
split from: Myrmotherula surinamensis
insert after: Myrmotherula pacifica
Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Isler & Bret M. Whitney,
Species limits in Antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae): the Myrmotherula
surinamensis complex
The Auk 116, 1 (1999): 83-96
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The
Sibley & Monroe list already had an Alagoas Antwren listed, namely Terenura
sicki, which is a different bird. That taxon has an alternative vernacular name
in Orange-bellied Antwren (Ridgely & Tudor), which we will use from
here onwards. |
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Alagoas Antwren Myrmotherula
snowi
Teixeira & Gonzaga 1985
ne Brazil: Alagoas near Murici. Lower growth, midstory of humid forest and mature
woodland
split from: Myrmotherula unicolor
insert after: Myrmotherula unicolor
Brett M. Whitney & José Fernando Pacheco,
Behavior, vocalisations, and relationships of some Myrmotherula
antwrens (Thamnnophilidae) in eastern Brazil, with comments on the
"Plain-winged" group
in Ornithological Monographs 48, Studies in Neotropical Ornithology honoring Ted Parker
(1997), 809-819
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Dugand's Antwren Herpsilochmus
dugandi
Meyer de Schauensee 1945
s Colombia: w Caquetá and se Amazonas; e Ecuador: Napo s to Morona-Santiago; ne Peru:
Loreto n of Río Marañón and Amazon River. Canopy of humid terra firme (sometimes
várzea) forests to 400 m
split from: Herpsilochmus sticturus
insert after: Herpsilochmus sticturus
Robert S. Ridgely & Guy Tudor,
The Birds of South America, Volume II, The Suboscine Passerines,
Oxford, 1994, p. 257
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Restinga
Antwren was described in 1990 as a new subspecies of Serra Antwren (Formicivora
serrana) by Gonzaga and Pacheco. They suggested it might be a full
species. It is considered as such by Ridgely & Tudor on the basis of clear
morphological differences and distinctly different habitat. |
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Restinga Antwren Formicivora
littoralis
Gonzaga & Pacheco 1990
se Brazil: c Rio de Janeiro state, Cabo Frio. Coastal restinga scrub
split from: Formicivora serrana
insert after: Formicivora serrana
Luiz A. Pedreira Gonzaga & José Fernando Pacheco,
Two new subspecies of Formicivora serrana (Hellmayr) from
south-eastern Brazil, and notes on the type-locality of Formicivora deluzae
(Ménétriès)
Bulletin B.O.C. 110, 4 (1990): 187-193
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Single-phrase
duet from a recording of Willis's Antbird, C.l. sabinoi,
© Tom Gullick. Recorded February 16, 1996, Fazenda Bananeira, Alagoas, Brazill. |

Rainy cut
from another recording of Willis's Antbird, nominate race, © Tom
Gullick. Recorded February 19, 1996, Guamá Ecological Research Area, Pará, Brazil.
Problems
playing sounds?
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Willis's Antbird Cercomacra
laeta
Todd 1920
n,ne Brazil: e Pará & ne Maranhão (laeta), e Alagoas & se Pernambuco
(sabinoi), e Amazonas & e Roraima (four specimens only of waimiri)
split from: Cercomacra tyrannina
insert after: Cercomacra tyrannina
Richard O. Bierregaard, Jr., Mario Cohn-Haft & Douglas F. Stotz,
Cryptic biodiversity: An overlooked species and new subspecies of
Antbird (Aves: Formicariidae) with a revision of Cercomacra tyrannina in
northeastern South America
in Ornithological Monographs 48, Studies in Neotropical Ornithology honoring Ted Parker,
1997, p. 111-128
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Amazonas Antbird Percnostola
minor
Pelzeln 1868
se Colombia: e Vaupés, Guainía, s Vichada; s Venezuela: w,c Amazonas;
ne Brazil: ne Amazonas (all minor); ne Peru: c Loreto (jensoni)
split from: Percnostola rufifrons
insert after: Percnostola rufifrons
A. P. Capparella, Gary H. Rosenberg & Steven W. Cardiff,
A new subspecies of Percnostola rufifrons
(Formicariidae) from northeastern Amazonian Peru, with a revision of
the rufifrons complex
in Ornithological Monographs 48, Studies in Neotropical Ornithology
honoring Ted Parker, 1997, p. 165-170
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Northern
Chestnut-tailed Antbird Myrmeciza
castanea
Zimmer 1932
s Colombia: Putumayo; e Ecuador: Pastaza, Zamora-Chinchipe; ne Peru: Loreto,
Amazonas, San Martín split from: Myrmeciza hemimelaena
insert after: Myrmeciza hemimelaena
Morton L. Isler, José Alvarez Alonso, Phyllis R. Isler, Thomas Valqui,
Alfredo Begazo & Bret M. Whitney,
Rediscovery of a crypric species and description of a
new subspecies in the Myrmeciza hemimelaena complex (Thamnophilidae)
of the Neotropics The Auk 119, 2, (2002): 362-378
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